Well, the answer to your question is straight forward and possibly surprising. I retired as a First Class (E-6). How I got there from Chief is a story involving me making a single trip into the realm of the galactically stupid (no drugs or alcohol, so that narrows it down for those in the know). This also happens to be the
only regret I have about the Navy, a self inflicted one. Life lesson for the younger generation out there

Had I not made that mistake, I would have retired in December as a 20 year Master Chief. That makes me sound like a self promoting braggart, of that I am well aware. However, I was a damn good Navy nuke. I was on the “hot runner” path, I didn’t kiss @$$, qualified everything, performed well and told people the truth when they asked, though somewhat more politically correct to some (you just don’t tell the CO "exactly" what you think, you need to reword it so the conversation doesn’t turn one sided).
Anyhoo, the other posts about the officer path are spot on. I have had great experiences with regular college officers, Academy grads and LDOs. I also have had bad experiences with all three. The Navy is simply a small cross section of the civilian world, we had them all.
Your real limiting factor on your rank is going to be………you. Your drive, determination, personal pride, personality, people skills, leadership potential, all these things are directly in your control. They also directly influence your advancement potential. Study hard, work harder, pay attention, stay out of trouble (trust me on that one) and the sky will be the limit for you.
Hopefully this helps, in more ways than one. Best of luck!